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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
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Infection-Induced Kidney Diseases.

Narayan Prasad1, Manas Ranjan Patel1

  • 1Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.

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Summary

Infections can cause kidney damage through direct invasion or immune responses, leading to various kidney diseases. Prompt detection and treatment are crucial for managing these infections and preventing severe renal injury.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Kidney diseases stemming from infections pose significant clinical challenges.
  • Microbial infections can directly invade renal tissues or trigger indirect immune-mediated damage, such as post-infectious glomerulonephritis.
  • Clinical presentations range from acute to chronic, influenced by the specific pathogen and infection's characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse mechanisms by which infections impact kidney health.
  • To highlight the clinical manifestations and diagnostic challenges associated with infection-related kidney diseases.
  • To discuss the global factors affecting infection control and the implications of antimicrobial resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on infection-induced kidney diseases.
  • Analysis of pathogenic mechanisms (direct invasion vs. immune-mediated).
  • Examination of clinical presentations, diagnostic hurdles, and treatment considerations.

Main Results:

  • All classes of microbes (viruses, bacteria, fungi, etc.) are implicated in kidney injury.
  • Factors like poverty and poor healthcare access hinder effective infection control globally.
  • Antimicrobial resistance and the re-emergence of infections complicate disease management and diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Infections represent a major cause of kidney disease, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their pathogenesis.
  • Effective infection control and judicious antimicrobial use are critical to mitigate renal morbidity.
  • Emerging infectious patterns present ongoing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in nephrology.