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Nonequilibrium Spatiotemporal Sensing within Acoustically Patterned Two-Dimensional Protocell Arrays.

Liangfei Tian1, Mei Li1, Juntai Liu2

  • 1Centre for Protolife Research and Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.

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|December 18, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protocell microdroplets loaded with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) respond dynamically to chemical gradients. This organized assembly enables sensing and communication in complex reaction-diffusion systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Protocells offer a model system for understanding early life processes.
  • Nonequilibrium conditions are crucial for driving complex biochemical reactions and emergent behaviors.
  • Reaction-diffusion systems are fundamental to biological pattern formation and signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatiotemporal biochemical response of acoustically trapped protocell arrays.
  • To explore the sensing capabilities of organized protocell assemblies in reaction-diffusion gradients.
  • To develop a methodology for studying protocellular communication networks.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-loaded poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) / adenosine 5'-triphosphate coacervate microdroplet protocells.
  • Acoustic trapping to create periodic arrays of microdroplet protocells.
  • Exposure to codiffusing substrate molecules (o-phenylenediamine and hydrogen peroxide) under nonequilibrium conditions.
  • Monitoring time- and position-dependent fluorescence signal outputs.

Main Results:

  • Acoustically trapped protocell arrays exhibited dynamic, spatiotemporal biochemical responses to reaction-diffusion fronts.
  • Individual coacervate microdroplets demonstrated the ability to sense encoded information in propagating chemical gradients.
  • A system with spatially separated HRP- and glucose oxidase-containing protocells demonstrated internal H2O2 signal generation, enabling communication between protocell communities via a biochemical cascade.

Conclusions:

  • Organized protocell assemblies can dynamically sense and respond to complex chemical environments.
  • The developed methodology facilitates the study of interactions between protocell consortia and reaction-diffusion gradients.
  • This work provides a new approach for investigating protocellular communication networks under nonequilibrium conditions.