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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
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Self-help support groups are voluntary, community-based organizations that provide a platform for individuals with shared concerns to exchange support, insights, and practical strategies for coping with life challenges. Typically led by group members or paraprofessionals, these groups form a cornerstone of mental health care, especially in reaching populations that are underserved by traditional healthcare systems.
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Metal support effects in electrocatalysis at hexagonal boron nitride.

Dan-Qing Liu1, Binglin Tao1, Hong-Cheng Ruan2

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Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets show electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. The study found that gold (Au) substrates significantly enhance h-BN

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets are explored for electrocatalytic applications.
  • The influence of supporting metal substrates on h-BN's intrinsic properties is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of h-BN nanosheets.
  • To determine the effect of different metal substrates (Copper (Cu) and Gold (Au)) on h-BN's HER performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a scanning electrochemical droplet cell technique for spatially-resolved analysis.
  • Performed local voltammetry and Tafel analysis to assess catalytic kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Electronic interactions between h-BN and metal substrates significantly modulate HER activity.
  • h-BN supported on Gold (Au) exhibited enhanced HER charge-transfer kinetics compared to Copper (Cu).
  • The exchange current density for Au-supported h-BN was approximately two orders of magnitude larger.

Conclusions:

  • Gold (Au) serves as a superior catalytic support for h-BN in the hydrogen evolution reaction.
  • Understanding substrate-nanosheet electronic interactions is key to optimizing electrocatalyst design.