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Related Concept Videos

Nodal Analysis01:10

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Nodal analysis is a fundamental method in electrical engineering used to simplify the process of circuit analysis. This method revolves around the concept of using node voltages as the primary variables for circuit analysis. The objective is to determine the voltage at each node in a circuit, which can then be used to find other quantities of interest, such as currents through specific components.
Consider, for instance, a simple circuit composed of three nodes and three resistors, as shown in...
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Nodal analysis is a remarkably effective method used in electrical engineering to simplify the analysis of complex circuits, including those with dependent or independent voltage sources. Its strength lies in its systematic approach to breaking down circuits into manageable components, making it easier for engineers to understand and solve.
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A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
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z Scores and Area Under the Curve01:17

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z scores are the standardized values obtained after converting a normal distribution into a standard normal distribution. A z score is measured in units of the standard deviation. The z score tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a z score of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
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OncotypeDX Recurrence Score Does Not Predict Nodal Burden in Clinically Node Negative Breast Cancer Patients.

S E Tevis1, R Bassett2, I Bedrosian3

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.

Annals of Surgical Oncology
|December 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The OncotypeDX recurrence score (RS) does not predict lymph node burden in node-negative breast cancer patients. Therefore, RS is not useful for guiding decisions on the extent of axillary surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The OncotypeDX recurrence score (RS) predicts recurrence and survival in node-negative breast cancer.
  • Its utility in guiding locoregional therapy decisions remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the relationship between the OncotypeDX recurrence score (RS) and lymph node burden.
  • To determine if RS can inform decisions about axillary surgery extent in node-negative breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1121 invasive breast cancer patients undergoing sentinel lymph node dissection (2010-2015).
  • Exclusion of patients with clinically positive nodes or neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
  • Classification of RS into low (<18), intermediate (18-30), and high (>30).

Main Results:

  • 15% of patients had a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN).
  • RS was not associated with SLN positivity, number of positive nodes, metastasis size, or extranodal extension.
  • High RS was linked to distant recurrence (p=0.0015) but not locoregional recurrence (p=0.07).

Conclusions:

  • OncotypeDX RS is not associated with nodal burden in clinically node-negative breast cancer.
  • RS is not a reliable factor for guiding the extent of axillary surgery in this patient group.