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Neuroticism related differences in working memory tasks.

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High neuroticism impairs task performance in difficult tasks involving switching and inhibition, supporting Attentional Control Theory (ACT). This contrasts with Arousal-Based Theory (ABT), suggesting specific cognitive demands, not just difficulty, mediate neuroticism effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Personality Psychology

Background:

  • Two theories, Arousal-Based Theory (ABT) and Attentional Control Theory (ACT), predict how neuroticism affects task performance.
  • ABT posits high neurotics perform worse on all difficult tasks, while ACT suggests deficits only in tasks requiring central executive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether neuroticism universally impairs performance on difficult tasks (ABT) or specifically on tasks involving executive functions like switching and inhibition (ACT).
  • To differentiate between the predictive power of ABT and ACT regarding neuroticism's impact on cognitive tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Cambridge Neuropsychological Tasks Automated Battery (CANTAB) to assess working memory (WM) performance.
  • Administered three WM tasks to 21 low and 24 high neuroticism participants, targeting central executive system (CES) and visuospatial sketchpad functions.

Main Results:

  • High neurotics demonstrated lower performance compared to low neurotics exclusively on WM tasks involving switching and/or inhibition.
  • No significant performance difference was observed between high and low neurotics on tasks primarily associated with the visuospatial sketchpad.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support Attentional Control Theory (ACT) over Arousal-Based Theory (ABT).
  • High neuroticism specifically impairs performance on demanding tasks requiring executive functions such as switching and inhibition, not general task difficulty or visuospatial storage.