Multiple integrin ligands provide a highly adhesive and osteoinductive surface that improves selective cell retention...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Tissue Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Selective cell retention (SCR) is a clinical method for real-time bone graft manufacturing.
• Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a common SCR biomaterial but has poor cell adhesion and osteoinduction.
• Enhancing DBM is crucial for improving SCR-fabricated bone graft efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a functionalized DBM composite with improved mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adhesion and osteogenesis for SCR applications.
• To create a collagen-binding domain (CBD)-containing IKVAV-cRGD peptide to enhance DBM's integrin ligand surface.

Main Methods:

• Designed a CBD-IKVAV-cRGD peptide to functionalize collagen-based DBM.
• Evaluated MSC adhesion using oscillatory, centrifugal, and mimetic SCR assays.
• Assessed MSC retention, osteogenesis, and in vivo bone formation of the DBM composite.

Main Results:

• The DBM/CBD-IKVAV-cRGD composite demonstrated superior in vitro MSC adhesion.
• Enhanced retention of MSC-like cells (CD271+, CD90+/CD105+) was observed in the SCR method.
• The composite promoted robust MSC osteogenesis and superior in vivo bone formation via integrin signaling.

Conclusions:

• The novel functionalized DBM composite significantly improves SCR-mediated MSC adhesion and osteogenesis.
• This biomaterial shows potential for enhanced bone transplantation in clinical SCR settings.
• The findings offer a promising strategy for developing highly bioactive bone implants.