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Identifying sublethal endpoints for evaluating neurotoxic compounds utilizing the fish embryo toxicity test.

Julie C Krzykwa1, Asal Saeid1, Marlo K Sellin Jeffries1

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The fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test is less sensitive for neurotoxic compounds than the larval growth and survival (LGS) test. Including sublethal endpoints in the FET test may improve its sensitivity for detecting adverse effects.

Keywords:
Animal alternativesDevelopmental toxicity, neurotoxicityFish embryo toxicity testLarval growth and survival testPericardial edema

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Area of Science:

  • Aquatic toxicology
  • Environmental science
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • The fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test is approved by the OECD but only estimates acute toxicity.
  • The FET test may be less sensitive than other methods for certain neurotoxic compounds.
  • Sublethal endpoints are being explored to enhance FET test sensitivity and predict adverse effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Compare LC50 values from FET and larval growth and survival (LGS) tests for fluoride, nickel, and cadmium.
  • Evaluate sublethal endpoints (growth, neurological, cardiovascular) for improving FET test sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Compared FET and LGS test LC50 values for three neurotoxicants.
  • Assessed sublethal endpoints including wet weight, snout-vent length, spontaneous contraction frequency, eye size, heart rate, and pericardial area.

Main Results:

  • FET test showed higher LC50 values than LGS for fluoride and cadmium, indicating lower sensitivity.
  • Cadmium exposure altered length, eye size, and pericardial area at concentrations five-fold lower than LC50.
  • No significant alterations were observed for other tested endpoints or neurotoxicants.

Conclusions:

  • The FET test is less sensitive for some neurotoxicants compared to the LGS test.
  • Incorporating sublethal endpoints, like those observed with cadmium, can enhance FET test sensitivity.
  • Further research with diverse neurotoxicants is needed to validate these sublethal endpoints for routine use.