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Ultrafast Lignin Extraction from Unusual Mediterranean Lignocellulosic Residues

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Composition and origin of PM_2.5 in Mediterranean Countryside.

D Atzei¹, P Fermo², R Vecchi³

¹Department of Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari and INSTM, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

|December 18, 2018

Summary

Biomass burning significantly impacts winter PM2.5 in Sardinia, with levoglucosan confirming wood burning as the primary source. Surface analysis revealed higher carbon content compared to bulk composition.

Keywords:

Carbon analysis ED-XRF analysis Levoglucosan Particulate matter X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Published on: February 11, 2016

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Atmospheric Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Particulate Matter (PM2.5) poses significant environmental and health risks.
Biomass burning is a major contributor to air pollution, especially in regions with high wood consumption.
Understanding the chemical composition and sources of PM2.5 is crucial for effective air quality management.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the chemical composition of PM2.5 in a Sardinian village affected by biomass burning.
To quantify the contribution of biomass burning to PM2.5 concentrations.
To investigate differences between the surface and bulk chemical composition of PM2.5.

Main Methods:

PM2.5 samples were collected during winter and summer.
Multi-technique approach including Ion Chromatography (IC), High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography (HPAEC), Thermal Optical Transmittance (TOT), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS).
Levoglucosan was used as a specific tracer for biomass burning emissions.

Main Results:

Biomass burning was identified as the major PM2.5 source during winter, with average levoglucosan concentrations of 2096 ± 324 ng/m³.
Winter PM2.5 samples showed significantly higher levoglucosan content (13.7%) compared to summer (negligible).
XPS analysis indicated that the PM2.5 surface was enriched in carbon compared to the bulk, with specific signals correlating to levoglucosan.

Conclusions:

Wood burning is the dominant source of PM2.5 in the studied Sardinian village during winter.
The study highlights the utility of levoglucosan as a tracer for biomass burning impacts.
Significant differences exist between the surface and bulk chemical composition of PM2.5, with implications for atmospheric processes and health effects.