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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Published on: May 17, 2024
Safe delayed procedure of nipple reconstruction in poorly circulated nipple
Joon Seok Lee1, Jeung Ryeol Eom1, Jeong Woo Lee1
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
Abstract:
Nipple-areolar complex reconstruction represents the final step in breast reconstruction. However, there is no gold standard nipple reconstruction technique that addresses the issue of blood circulation in the flap, which is the most basic complication. Nipple reconstruction was performed in 21 patients. A delayed procedure was performed when a poor outcome was expected due to marginal pinpoint bleeding in the distal tip after flap elevation during nipple reconstruction. The delayed nipple reconstruction can be viewed as a safe and reliable method for improving nipple blood circulation, reducing complications, and enabling long-term nipple projection maintenance in high-risk patients.
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