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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Induction of Periodontitis via a Combination of Ligature and Lipopolysaccharide Injection in a Rat Model
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Serum Nutrient Levels and Aging Effects on Periodontitis.

Jeffrey L Ebersole1, Joshua Lambert2, Heather Bush3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, B221, MS 7425, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA. jeffrey.ebersole@unlv.edu.

Nutrients
|December 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Low levels of key blood nutrients like folate and vitamin D are linked to periodontitis, especially in older adults and females. Improving these nutrient levels may help combat age-related gum disease.

Keywords:
agingnutrientsperiodontitis

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Health
  • Nutritional Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Periodontal disease affects approximately 50% of US adults over 30.
  • Host response to bacterial biofilm is central to periodontal tissue damage.
  • Previous research suggested a protective role for certain blood nutrients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between five blood nutrients and periodontitis in a large US population.
  • To investigate how age, race, and sex modify these nutrient-periodontitis associations.
  • To explore potential nutrient-based strategies for preventing age-related periodontitis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from over 15,000 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004).
  • Measurement of blood levels for cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, folate, vitamin D, and vitamin E.
  • Statistical analysis linking nutrient levels with the presence and severity of periodontitis, considering age, race, and sex.

Main Results:

  • Lower levels of cis-β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin were observed in patients with moderate/severe periodontitis, exacerbated by age and across all races.
  • Folate levels were consistently lower in periodontitis patients over 30, particularly in females.
  • Vitamin D levels were lower in periodontitis patients across all ages, with a more pronounced difference in females. Interactions between vitamin D and sex, and folate and race were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Specific blood nutrient deficiencies are associated with periodontitis, particularly with aging.
  • Nutrient interactions with age, sex, and race influence periodontitis risk.
  • Enhancing intake of protective nutrients may offer a novel strategy to mitigate age-related increases in periodontitis.