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Lactose Intolerance, Dairy Avoidance, and Treatment Options.

Andrew Szilagyi1, Norma Ishayek2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University School of Medicine, 3755 Cote St Catherine Rd, Room E110, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada. aszilagy@jgh.mcgill.ca.

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Summary

Lactose intolerance symptoms are common, but complete dairy avoidance is inappropriate. This review covers lactose maldigestion, its effects on health, and effective management strategies beyond simple dairy restriction.

Keywords:
effects on diseasesintolerancelactosemaldigestionspecific therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Human Genetics
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Lactose intolerance involves symptoms from consuming lactose-containing dairy products, often due to genetically determined adult-onset lactose maldigestion.
  • The condition's understanding has evolved beyond gastrointestinal issues to include systemic effects and overlap with other functional disorders.
  • Misinterpreting lactose maldigestion as intolerance often leads to inappropriate dairy avoidance, overlooking dairy's health benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complexities surrounding the perception, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of lactose intolerance.
  • To discuss current treatment approaches, emphasizing the inappropriateness of complete dairy avoidance.
  • To examine the effects of dairy products on 19 common diseases and explore various management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature on lactose intolerance.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and genetic underpinnings of lactose maldigestion.
  • Evaluation of treatment modalities, including dietary interventions and product alternatives.

Main Results:

  • Lactose maldigestion is common, with genetic factors playing a significant role in adult-onset cases.
  • Complete dairy avoidance is not recommended due to the health benefits of dairy products.
  • Various treatments exist, including lactose-reduced products, plant-based substitutes, probiotics, and prebiotics.

Conclusions:

  • A nuanced approach to managing lactose intolerance is necessary, moving beyond simple lactose restriction.
  • Dairy products can be part of a healthy diet for many individuals with lactose maldigestion.
  • Further research into dairy's impact on various diseases and optimized management strategies is warranted.