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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Urology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Melioidosis is a serious infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a bacterium found in soil and water.
  • Genitourinary involvement is a recognized but less commonly reported manifestation of melioidosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes of genitourinary melioidosis in adults.
  • To highlight the importance of considering melioidosis in patients with chronic genitourinary infections.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 20 adult patients with culture-confirmed genitourinary melioidosis from 2006 to 2016.
  • Review of patient demographics, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment regimens, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The study identified 20 male patients with a mean age of 45.3 years.
  • Common risk factors included diabetes mellitus (65%) and alcoholism (25%). The prostate was the most frequently involved organ (60%).
  • Diagnosis was confirmed via blood and urine cultures and imaging. Treatment involved ceftazidime, with surgical interventions when necessary. One fatality and no relapses were reported.

Conclusions:

  • Genitourinary melioidosis predominantly affects middle-aged men and frequently involves the prostate.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy, such as ceftazidime, are associated with favorable outcomes.
  • Melioidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic or recurrent genitourinary infections, particularly in endemic areas or in individuals with relevant risk factors.