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Working Memory and Attention Influence Antisaccade Error Rate in Schizophrenia.

Elizabeth H X Thomas1, Susan L Rossell2,3, Jessica B Myles1

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PubMed
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Schizophrenia patients show higher antisaccade errors, linked to working memory and attention deficits. Different antisaccade task conditions engage distinct cognitive processes, offering insights into the disorder.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Antisaccade error rate is a potential endophenotype for schizophrenia.
  • Previous research links increased errors to executive function impairments in patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Replicate heightened antisaccade error rate in schizophrenia patients.
  • Identify cognitive processes associated with antisaccade errors in patients and controls.
  • Investigate if different antisaccade task paradigms engage distinct cognitive processes.

Main Methods:

  • 191 participants (54 schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder patients, 137 controls) completed gap and step antisaccade tasks.
  • Neuropsychological assessments included the MCCB and Stroop task.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed a significant antisaccade error rate deficit in patients.
  • In patients, working memory correlated with step-condition errors; attention correlated with gap-condition errors.
  • In controls, global cognitive performance correlated with errors in both conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated antisaccade error rate in schizophrenia is linked to attention and working memory, not global cognition.
  • Gap and step antisaccade conditions differentially engage cognitive processes.
  • Findings highlight specific cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and task-specific cognitive engagement.