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Aminoglycoside- and Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity: Mechanisms and Otoprotective Strategies

Corné J Kros1, Peter S Steyger2,3

  • 1Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|December 19, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Ototoxicity, or inner ear damage, can result from medications like aminoglycosides and cisplatin. This review examines risk factors and current protective strategies against drug-induced hearing loss.

Area of Science:

  • Oto-neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Ototoxicity is inner ear damage affecting hearing and balance.
  • Common causes include hospital drugs (aminoglycosides, platinum-based) and environmental exposures.
  • This damage impacts essential physiological functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review factors increasing risk for aminoglycoside and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
  • To summarize current protective strategies against these drug-induced damages.
  • To highlight emerging interventions and challenges in preventing drug-induced hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of relevant scientific papers.
  • Narrative synthesis of contributing factors and risk assessment.
  • Analysis of current and developing protective measures.

Main Results:

  • Identified key risk factors for aminoglycoside and cisplatin ototoxicity.
  • Documented existing strategies for mitigating ototoxicity.
  • Outlined promising interventional approaches under development.

Conclusions:

  • Aminoglycoside and cisplatin ototoxicity pose significant clinical challenges.
  • Ongoing research aims to develop effective preventative strategies.
  • Overcoming challenges is crucial for preventing drug-induced hearing loss.

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