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Is human milk feeding protective for Retinopathy of Prematurity?

Ayesha Muneer1, Attia Bari2, Summaira Naveed3

  • 1Dr. Ayesha Muneer, DCH, F.C.P.S. (Pediatric Medicine), Assistant Professor, Pediatric Medicine, The Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
|December 19, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Breast milk feeding may reduce the risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants. While not statistically significant, breastfed infants showed a trend toward lower ROP incidence.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of visual impairment in premature infants.
  • Understanding factors influencing ROP development is crucial for preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between breast milk feeding and the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
  • To analyze feeding type (breast milk vs. formula) in relation to ROP development in preterm neonates.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted involving preterm infants (<34 weeks gestation) from 2015-2017.
  • Data collected included gestational age, birth weight, ROP presence, and feeding type (breast milk or formula).

Main Results:

  • Out of 428 preterm infants, 19 (4.4%) developed ROP, with a higher incidence in infants <32 weeks gestation.
  • Infants who developed ROP had a lower mean birth weight (<2kg).
  • While a trend suggested lower ROP incidence in breastfed infants (36.8%) compared to formula-fed (63.2%), the results were not statistically significant (p=0.24).

Conclusions:

  • Breast milk feeding showed a trend towards a slightly lower incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes may be needed to confirm the protective effect of breast milk against ROP.
Abstract

Keywords:
Breast milkPretermRetinopathy of prematurity

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