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Related Concept Videos

Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

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In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
406
First Order Systems01:21

First Order Systems

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First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
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Second Order systems I01:20

Second Order systems I

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A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
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A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
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Classification of Systems-I01:26

Classification of Systems-I

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Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
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Classification of Systems-II01:31

Classification of Systems-II

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Continuous-time systems have continuous input and output signals, with time measured continuously. These systems are generally defined by differential or algebraic equations. For instance, in an RC circuit, the relationship between input and output voltage is expressed through a differential equation derived from Ohm's law and the capacitor relation,
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Vasculitis in Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases.

Selcan Demir1, Erdal Sag1, Fatma Dedeoglu2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|December 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoinflammatory diseases (AID), a group of innate immune system disorders, can manifest with vasculitis. This review explores the diverse spectrum of vasculitis associated with monogenic AID and Behcet's Disease.

Keywords:
Behcet diseaseautoinflammatory diseasesinflammasomopathiesinterferonopathiesrelopathiesvasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autoinflammatory diseases (AID) are characterized by recurrent inflammation due to innate immune system dysregulation.
  • Vasculitis, inflammation of blood vessels, is a recognized complication in various monogenic AIDs.
  • The precise mechanisms linking vasculitis to monogenic AID remain under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between vasculitis and monogenic autoinflammatory diseases.
  • To highlight specific monogenic AIDs where vasculitis is a prominent feature.
  • To discuss the clinical presentation and characteristics of vasculitis in these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases and associated vasculitis.
  • Analysis of case reports and cohort studies detailing vasculitic manifestations.
  • Synthesis of clinical data on vasculitis in conditions like FMF, CAPS, TRAPS, MKD, DIRA, PAPA, DADA2, Otulipenia, A20 haploinsufficiency, SAVI, and Behcet's Disease.

Main Results:

  • Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) shows increased frequency of IgA-related vasculitis (IgAV) and Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN).
  • Vasculitic features are reported in CAPS, TRAPS, MKD, DIRA, and PAPA, with varying vessel involvement and affected sites (CNS, skin).
  • Newly defined monogenic AIDs like DADA2, Otulipenia, A20 haploinsufficiency, and interferonopathies (SAVI) frequently present with vasculitis, often mimicking other conditions such as PAN or Behcet's Disease.

Conclusions:

  • Vasculitis is a significant extra-intestinal manifestation in several monogenic AIDs.
  • The spectrum of vasculitis in monogenic AID ranges from small to large vessel involvement, affecting diverse organs.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of patients with autoinflammatory diseases and vasculitis.