Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 31, 2026
10:34
A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches
Published on: October 18, 2024
1.8K
Do Non-Responders to Exercise Exist-and If So, What Should We Do About Them?
Craig Pickering1,2, John Kiely3
1Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Fylde Road, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK. craig@dnafit.com.
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|December 19, 2018
Summary
Most individuals respond to exercise training. Apparent exercise non-response is likely due to measurement errors, not a true lack of adaptation. Personalized exercise prescriptions can enhance health benefits for all.
Area of Science:
- Exercise physiology
- Human health and performance
Background:
- Exercise is crucial for health, but some individuals show minimal gains from training, termed "non-responders".
- Recent skepticism questions the existence and clinical relevance of exercise non-response.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically evaluate the evidence for the existence of exercise non-response.
- To explore factors influencing the identification of non-responders, including measurement error and assessment methods.
- To discuss strategies for enhancing exercise adaptations in potentially non-responsive individuals.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and critical analysis of existing research on exercise response and non-response.
- Examination of the impact of measurement error and assessment modality on identifying non-responders.
- Discussion of potential interventions to improve training adaptations.
Main Results:
- Evidence suggests that true global non-responders to exercise are unlikely to exist.
- Measurement error and assessment type significantly influence the identification of individuals as non-responders.
- Non-response may be modality-specific rather than global.
Conclusions:
- The concept of widespread exercise non-response is likely a misperception.
- Health professionals should focus on individually tailored exercise prescriptions to maximize training adaptations.
- An adaptive approach to exercise prescription can improve population health outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Exercise Stress Test
1.3K
Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
1.3K
01:27Exercise and Muscle Performance
2.4K
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
2.4K
01:17Exercise and Cardiac Output
2.0K
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
2.0K
01:20Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
4.5K
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
4.5K
02:20Longitudinal Research
13.3K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
13.3K
01:29Fermentation
129.2K
Most eukaryotic organisms require oxygen to survive and function adequately. Such organisms produce large amounts of energy during aerobic respiration by metabolizing glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water. However, most eukaryotes can generate some energy in the absence of oxygen by anaerobic metabolism.
Fermentation is a type of metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where organic molecules such as glucose are broken down to produce energy. During this process, the...
Fermentation is a type of metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where organic molecules such as glucose are broken down to produce energy. During this process, the...
129.2K