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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Solution-Processed "Silver-Bismuth-Iodine" Ternary Thin Films for Lead-Free Photovoltaic Absorbers
Published on: September 27, 2018
Fabrication of a High-Quality Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Absorber Layer via an Aqueous Solution Process and Application in Solar
Wangen Zhao1, Fengyang Yu1, Shengzhong Frank Liu1,2
1Key Laboratory for Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , China.
Abstract:
The development of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells determines the prospect of thin-film photovoltaic devices because of some of their strengths. However, the usual solution fabrication processes of CZTSSe absorbing layers are either too tedious or highly toxic. Here, we have developed an alternative strategy to prepare kesterite CZTSSe absorber films with a simple and low-toxicity solution process by replacing the commonly employed thiol-based compounds using the glycolic acid aqueous solution, which significantly reduces the environment pollution and toxicity, providing a possibility toward the green solvent process. The power conversion efficiency of 6.81% has been acquired based the aqueous solution-processed CZTSSe thin film via optimizing the fabrication technology.
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