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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Brain Functional Organization Associated With Language Lateralization.

Shuai Wang1, Lise Van der Haegen2, Lily Tao1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|December 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain language functions are typically left-lateralized. This study reveals atypical language dominance is linked to altered brain connectivity and global network organization, differing from typical lateralization within language systems.

Keywords:
functional connectivitygraph theorylanguage dominancelanguage lateralizationresting-state

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Human language functions are predominantly lateralized to the left brain hemisphere.
  • The precise functional mechanisms driving this hemispheric dominance remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding atypical language lateralization is crucial for a comprehensive view of brain organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intrinsic functional organization of the whole brain at rest.
  • To characterize brain functional organization underlying both typical and atypical language dominance.
  • To explore the relationship between language lateralization and global brain network topology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional connectivity analysis to examine brain networks.
  • Employed graph theoretical analysis to assess network properties.
  • Included healthy left-handed participants with typical and atypical language lateralization.

Main Results:

  • Differences in language lateralization correlate with functional connectivity within the language system.
  • Weakened connectivity between the left inferior frontal gyrus and other language areas was observed in atypical lateralization.
  • Atypical language dominance is associated with global brain network metrics, including local efficiency and small-worldness.

Conclusions:

  • Typical and atypical language dominance primarily differ in the functional connectivity of the language system.
  • Atypical language dominance is linked to the global topology and organization of whole-brain networks.
  • This study is the first to connect the degree of language lateralization with global brain network topology.