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A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
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Does DeMeester score still define GERD?

R M L Neto1, F A M Herbella1, F Schlottmann2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil.

Diseases of the Esophagus : Official Journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus
|December 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can be challenging due to overlapping symptoms. While the DeMeester score (DMS) aids diagnosis via pH monitoring, it has limitations.

Keywords:
DeMeester scoreambulatory pH monitoringgastroesophageal reflux disease

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Diagnostic Medicine

Background:

  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) presents with diverse symptoms, often mimicking other conditions, complicating accurate diagnosis.
  • Traditional diagnostic methods like endoscopy and barium esophagram can be inconclusive for GERD.
  • Prolonged ambulatory pH monitoring is frequently necessary for definitive GERD diagnosis.

Discussion:

  • The DeMeester score (DMS), a composite metric from pH monitoring, has been used since the 1970s to classify GERD status.
  • This review highlights both the strengths and limitations of the DMS in GERD diagnosis.
  • Current evidence does not indicate that simple acid exposure time is definitively superior or inferior to the DMS.

Key Insights:

  • No single diagnostic tool perfectly identifies all GERD variations.
  • pH monitoring, when interpreted using the DMS, remains a reliable method for research and clinical decisions.
  • The DMS provides a standardized approach to quantifying acid reflux events.

Outlook:

  • Further research may refine diagnostic criteria for GERD.
  • Continued validation of pH monitoring metrics is essential for improving patient care.
  • Exploring novel diagnostic markers could complement existing methods for GERD assessment.