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Related Concept Videos

Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
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Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
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Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

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Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
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Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
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Optimized Reconstruction Techniques for Multiplexed Dual-Gate Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Experiments.

Austen L Davis1, Tobias Reinecke1, Kelsey A Morrison1

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Analytical Chemistry
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This study introduces a basis pursuit denoising (BPDN) method to accelerate Fourier transform ion mobility mass spectrometry (FT-IMMS) analysis. The new approach significantly reduces acquisition time while improving spectral resolution and signal quality for gas-phase mobility measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Spectrometry

Background:

  • Coupling drift-tube gas-phase ion mobility (IM) separations with ion trapping mass analyzers is crucial for determining gas-phase mobility coefficients.
  • Traditional spectral reconstruction methods are inefficient due to the slow time scales of IM and mass spectrometry (MS).
  • Existing multiplexing techniques (e.g., Fourier, Hadamard) require extended experimental times, limiting compatibility with advanced separation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a more efficient method for spectral reconstruction in Fourier transform ion mobility mass spectrometry (FT-IMMS).
  • To demonstrate significant time savings in FT-IMMS experiments while maintaining spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.
  • To overcome limitations of ion gate depletion associated with kHz linear chirps in FT-IMMS.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a basis pursuit denoising (BPDN) approach for deconvoluting FT-IMMS drift time spectra.
  • Compared the BPDN method against traditional multiplexing and signal averaging techniques.
  • Evaluated spectral resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and acquisition time.

Main Results:

  • The BPDN method demonstrated significant reductions in IM acquisition time.
  • High spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratios were maintained.
  • The proposed method allows for maximized spectral resolution at longer effective gate pulse widths, mitigating ion gate depletion issues.

Conclusions:

  • Basis pursuit denoising offers a substantial improvement in the efficiency of FT-IMMS analysis.
  • This method enables faster gas-phase mobility measurements without compromising spectral quality.
  • The BPDN approach presents a viable solution for integrating IM with modern, rapid separation techniques.