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Murine Renal Transplantation Procedure
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Renal transplantation and predisposition to opportunistic infections

Raja Dandamudi1, Jodi Smith2, Vikas R Dharnidharka1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension and Pheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis.

Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|December 19, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric kidney transplant recipients face significant infection risks. Advances in understanding, preventing, and treating infections like cytomegalovirus and urinary tract infections are crucial for improving outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Transplant Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Infections are a major cause of illness and death in children after kidney transplants.
  • Common infections include bacterial urinary tract infections and opportunistic viral infections, contributing to hospitalizations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in the epidemiology, assessment, prevention, and treatment of infections in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.
  • To highlight emerging infectious threats and current management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in pediatric kidney transplantation and infectious diseases.
  • Synthesis of data on infection epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Extended antiviral prophylaxis reduces cytomegalovirus but not Epstein-Barr virus disease.
  • Emerging concerns include Human herpesvirus-6 and Hepatitis E virus infections.
  • Ureteral stenting is linked to increased early urinary tract infections.
  • Low rates of pre-transplant vaccination persist despite new vaccine availability.

Conclusions:

  • Infections remain a critical challenge post-kidney transplantation in children, impacting morbidity and mortality.
  • New insights into risk factors, assessment, and treatment are vital for clinical practice.
  • Optimizing prevention strategies, including vaccination and judicious use of prophylaxis, is essential.
Abstract

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