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The Vestibular System01:29

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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction
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Peripheral vestibular disorders: an update.

Michael Strupp1, Marco Mandalà2, Jose A López-Escámez3,4

  • 1Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (DSGZ), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|December 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review updates on common peripheral vestibular disorders, including bilateral vestibulopathy and Meniere's disease. New classifications and diagnostic criteria improve the identification and management of these conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Vestibular System

Background:

  • The Bárány Society's ongoing classification advances understanding of vestibular disorders.
  • Peripheral vestibular disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting balance and spatial orientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an update on the most frequent peripheral vestibular disorders.
  • To highlight recent advancements in classification and diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and diagnostic criteria for common peripheral vestibular disorders.
  • Emphasis on quantitative testing and clinical presentation for accurate diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) diagnosis requires quantitative vestibular function testing.
  • 'Acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy' (AUPVP) is the preferred term over 'vestibular neuritis'.
  • Meniere's disease has a significant genetic component, and specific variants of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) can be differentiated from central lesions.

Conclusions:

  • Vestibular paroxysmia is an accepted clinical entity, diagnosed by response to sodium channel blockers.
  • Superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) diagnosis relies on conclusive findings.
  • Further research, including randomized controlled trials, is needed for optimal treatment of peripheral vestibular disorders.