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Related Concept Videos

Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Polymer Electrode Materials for Sodium-ion Batteries.

Qinglan Zhao1, Andrew K Whittaker2, X S Zhao3

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia. qinglanangela.zhao@uq.edu.au.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Redox-active polymers offer a promising solution for sodium-ion battery electrode materials, addressing limitations in current sodium-ion battery technology for long-term energy storage.

Keywords:
organic electrode materialpolymersodium-ion battery

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Sodium-ion batteries are a viable alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to abundant sodium resources.
  • Developing long-lasting electrode materials is crucial for advancing sodium-ion battery technology.
  • Current electrode materials face challenges in reversibly storing and releasing sodium ions over extended periods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in polymer electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
  • To identify and analyze challenges associated with polymer electrode materials.
  • To discuss strategies for enhancing the electrochemical performance of these materials.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent developments in polymer electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
  • Analysis of challenges hindering the performance and longevity of polymer electrodes.
  • Discussion of strategies to improve electrochemical properties.

Main Results:

  • Redox-active polymers present diverse, flexible, and tunable properties suitable for sodium-ion battery electrodes.
  • Key challenges include material stability and ion transport limitations.
  • Various strategies can enhance electrochemical performance, such as molecular design and composite formation.

Conclusions:

  • Polymer electrode materials show significant potential for next-generation sodium-ion batteries.
  • Addressing current challenges through innovative material design is essential.
  • Future research should focus on optimizing polymer structures and interfaces for improved energy storage.