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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.8K
Effects of Temperature on Free Energy02:11

Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
28.2K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

48.4K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Energy-releasing Steps of Glycolysis01:28

Energy-releasing Steps of Glycolysis

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Glycolysis is divided into two phases based on whether energy is utilized or released. While the first phase consumes ATP, the second phase produces energy in the form of ATP and NADH. The energy is released over a sequence of reactions that turns G3P into pyruvate. The energy-releasing phase—steps 6-10 of glycolysis—occurs twice, once for each of the two 3-carbon sugars produced during steps 1-5 of the first phase.
The first energy-releasing step—the 6th step of glycolysis...
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Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures
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Temperature/pH-Responsive Hexagonal Liquid Crystal for Curcumin Release.

Zhen Li1, Li Zhang1, Xilian Wei2

  • 1College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , China.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|December 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed temperature and pH-responsive liquid crystals for curcumin encapsulation. These novel carriers demonstrate controlled release properties, showing potential for drug delivery applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Curcumin, a potent natural compound, faces bioavailability challenges.
  • Developing effective drug delivery systems is crucial for enhancing curcumin's therapeutic potential.
  • Liquid crystals offer unique properties for controlled substance release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a temperature and pH-responsive hexagonal liquid crystal system.
  • To encapsulate curcumin within this novel liquid crystal matrix.
  • To investigate the influence of temperature and pH on curcumin release and system rheology.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a hexagonal liquid crystal using polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), water-soluble chitosan (WCS), ethyl oleate (EtOL), and water.
  • Encapsulation of curcumin within the developed liquid crystal system.
  • Evaluation of in vitro curcumin release kinetics under varying temperature and pH conditions.
  • Analysis of the rheological properties of the curcumin-loaded liquid crystal at different temperatures.

Main Results:

  • The curcumin-encapsulated hexagonal phase, particularly with high WCS content (9.9 wt %), showed significant temperature responsiveness with three distinct phase transformation temperatures.
  • Viscosity of the drug-loaded hexagonal phase decreased with increasing temperature, demonstrating tunable rheological behavior.
  • In vitro release studies indicated that curcumin release rate increased with temperature.
  • The incorporation of WCS notably reduced curcumin release rate dependence on pH, with slower release observed at higher pH values.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature and pH-responsive hexagonal liquid crystals were successfully constructed.
  • These liquid crystals exhibit tunable rheological properties and controlled curcumin release.
  • The developed system shows promise as a potential slow-release carrier for curcumin delivery.