Current Diagnosis and Classification of Hepatic Encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy is a brain dysfunction caused by liver insufficiency and/or portal-systemic shunt; it manifests as a wide spectrum of neurological or psychiatric abnormalities ranging from subclinical alterations to coma. It should be differentiated from other neurological/psychiatric disorders that can occur in patients with liver disease. Its classification needs to take into account the underlying condition, severity, course, precipitating factors, and-possibly-sensitivity to ammonia-lowering agents.