Rhodiola rosea L. Improves Learning and Memory Function: Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Pharmacology
• Integrative Medicine

Background:

• Rhodiola rosea L. is traditionally used for cognitive enhancement and fatigue relief.
• Previous research suggests Rhodiola rosea L. may improve learning and memory.
• Preclinical evidence requires systematic evaluation to confirm these cognitive effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and meta-analyze preclinical studies on Rhodiola rosea L.'s effects on learning and memory.
• To assess the efficacy of Rhodiola rosea L. in improving cognitive functions.
• To explore the potential mechanisms underlying Rhodiola rosea L.'s cognitive benefits.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review and meta-analysis of 36 preclinical studies involving 836 animals.
• Searched 6 databases from inception to May 2018.
• Analyzed outcomes including escape latency (Morris water maze), target quadrant exploration, and error rates (step down, dark avoidance, Y maze tests).

Main Results:

• Rhodiola rosea L. significantly reduced escape latency, indicating improved learning (28 studies, P < 0.05).
• It increased time spent in the target quadrant, demonstrating enhanced memory function (23 studies, P < 0.05).
• Error rates were significantly decreased in memory-related tests (6 studies, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

• Rhodiola rosea L. administration demonstrably improves learning and memory function in preclinical models.
• Potential mechanisms include antioxidant, cholinergic regulation, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory effects, and improved cerebral metabolism.
• Findings support Rhodiola rosea L. as a potential agent for cognitive enhancement.