Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Hydroponics: A Versatile System to Study Nutrient Allocation and Plant Responses to Nutrient Availability and Exposure to Toxic Elements
Published on: July 13, 2016
The dominant nutrient foramen at the clavicular midshaft: an anatomical study
Tim Leschinger1, Felix Krane2, Michael Hackl2
1Center for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Kerpenerstr. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany. tim.leschinger@uk-koeln.de.
Background:
The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence and topography of the dominant nutrient foramen at the clavicle.
Methods:
317 macerated human clavicles (167 right and 150 left) were available for the study. After detecting the dominant nutrient foramen, the total distance from the sternal surface to the examined nutrient foramen was measured. A foramen index (FI) was used for further data processing.
Results:
We detected a dominant foramen in 300/317 (94.64%) clavicles, which was located in the middle third in 287/300 (95.7%) clavicles. The average clavicular length was measured at 14.9 cm ± 1.0 cm (range 11.6-17.5 cm) with an average foraminal distance from the sternoclavicular joint surface of 7.9 cm ± 1.3 cm (range 0.9-12.6 cm) in total. The mean FI was 53.2% ± SD 7.4% (range 5.5-79.3%).
Conclusion:
The present study provides a topographic mapping of the foraminal area (46-60% of the total clavicular length). The findings help to assess clavicular fracture patterns, which pass through the foraminal area.
Related Concept Videos
Incomplete Dominance
Absorption of Nutrients
Enterocytes, which are specialized polar epithelial cells, line the mucosa of the small intestinal walls. These cells...
Anatomical Positions
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Movements
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

