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[Acute epiglottitides in the adult]
Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift
|April 1, 1978
Summary
Adult epiglottitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b is a serious condition. Prompt tracheotomy and ampicillin therapy are crucial for recovery, as the disease progresses rapidly and can lead to airway obstruction.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Otolaryngology
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Epiglottitis in adults, though not exceptional, is often severe.
- Haemophilus influenzae type b is the predominant pathogen identified in adult epiglottitis cases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze clinical data of adult epiglottitis cases.
- To identify the common causative organism and typical presentation.
- To evaluate treatment outcomes and mortality rates.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 100 adult epiglottitis cases from literature.
- Inclusion of two University Hospital of Geneva cases with acute Haemophilus influenzae type b epiglottitis.
- Review of clinical data, causative organisms, and treatment interventions.
Main Results:
- Adult epiglottitis presents with severe sore throat, dysphagia, fever, and dyspnea.
- Rapid progression and acute respiratory distress occur in 57% of cases.
- Mortality rate is 27%, with ampicillin showing therapeutic effect and tracheotomy being essential for airway obstruction.
Conclusions:
- Haemophilus influenzae type b is the most common cause of severe adult epiglottitis.
- Emergency tracheotomy is a reliable treatment for acute upper airway obstruction.
- Prompt medical intervention, including antibiotics and airway management, is vital for patient survival.