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Tongue

Tongue

The human tongue is a fascinating and complex organ, responsible for various essential functions such as swallowing, speech, and taste. It is also subject to various conditions and diseases. In this article, we delve into the anatomy of the tongue, its roles, and some common conditions that can affect it.
Anatomical Position in the Oral Cavity
The tongue is located within the oral cavity, also known as the mouth. It is attached to the floor of the mouth by a fold of mucous membrane called the...

Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon

Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon

The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is a cognitive experience characterized by a temporary inability to retrieve specific information from memory despite having a strong feeling of knowing the information. Although individuals cannot access the target word or detail, they frequently recall related elements, such as its initial letter, syllable count, or context. This partial retrieval often causes frustration, as one might recognize a familiar face or know that a name starts with a specific...

The Tongue and Taste Buds

The Tongue and Taste Buds

The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...

Arteries of the Head and Neck

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...

Veins of Head and Neck

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Fabrication of Tongue Extracellular Matrix and Reconstitution of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro

Fabrication of Tongue Extracellular Matrix and Reconstitution of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro

Published on: June 20, 2018

Neck-tongue syndrome.

Eric Chun Pu Chu¹, Andy Fu Chieh Lin¹

¹Chiropractic and Physiotherapy Department, New York Medical Group, Mong Kok, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

BMJ Case Reports

|December 21, 2018

Summary

Neck-tongue syndrome (NTS) causes sudden neck pain and tongue numbness. Chiropractic care offers an effective treatment for this rare neurological disorder.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Orthopedics

Background:

Neck-tongue syndrome (NTS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by neck pain and tongue sensory disturbances.
It is triggered by sudden neck movements and often linked to atlantoaxial joint subluxation.

Observation:

A 47-year-old male patient presented with symptoms consistent with NTS.
The patient met the diagnostic criteria outlined in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition.

Findings:

The patient's NTS was successfully managed using a chiropractic treatment approach.
This case suggests chiropractic care can be highly effective for uncomplicated NTS.

Implications:

NTS is an under-recognized condition that can significantly impact patient quality of life.

Keywords:

dentistry and oral medicine ear, nose and throat/otolaryngology headache (including migraines)

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The findings suggest chiropractic interventions as a viable treatment option for NTS, addressing a gap in current management guidelines.