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Related Concept Videos

Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer
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Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer

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Misconceptions surrounding pregnancy-associated breast cancer.

Nada Khalil1, Clare Fowler2

  • 1University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|December 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A 31-year-old woman diagnosed with aggressive triple-negative breast cancer discovered she was pregnant shortly after. This case highlights the complex challenges of managing breast cancer during early pregnancy.

Keywords:
breast cancercancer - see oncology

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Breast cancer diagnosis in young women presents unique challenges.
  • Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive subtype with limited targeted therapies.
  • Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) requires careful management considerations.

Observation:

  • A 31-year-old woman presented with a painless right breast lump.
  • Mammography and ultrasound indicated a suspicious mass requiring further investigation.
  • Core biopsy confirmed poorly differentiated, invasive ductal carcinoma, estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, and HER2-negative (triple-negative).

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer.
  • One week post-diagnosis, the patient discovered she was pregnant.
  • The diagnosis raised concerns regarding fetal well-being and maternal cancer treatment options.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of early breast cancer detection in reproductive-aged women.
  • Management strategies for PABC, particularly triple-negative subtypes, need careful multidisciplinary planning.
  • Balancing oncologic treatment with fetal safety is paramount in PABC cases.