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Related Concept Videos

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions
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NK Cell-Based Glioblastoma Immunotherapy.

Irene Golán1, Laura Rodríguez de la Fuente2, Jose A Costoya3

  • 1Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL, Departamento de Fisioloxia, CiMUS, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, IDIS, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. irene.golan@usc.es.

Cancers
|December 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis due to tumor heterogeneity and immune suppression. Natural Killer (NK) cells show promise in immunotherapy by overcoming immune evasion and offering a less toxic treatment alternative.

Keywords:
NK cellsbrain tumorglioblastomaimmunotherapymalignant gliomas

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Dextran Enhances the Lentiviral Transduction Efficiency of Murine and Human Primary NK Cells
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Dextran Enhances the Lentiviral Transduction Efficiency of Murine and Human Primary NK Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary adult brain tumor, characterized by poor prognosis and resistance to current therapies.
  • Tumor cell heterogeneity, invasion, and a suppressive microenvironment contribute to GB's poor outcomes and immune evasion.
  • Innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to overcome treatment resistance and improve patient survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on molecular mechanisms governing glioblastoma and immune cell interactions.
  • To highlight the potential of Natural Killer (NK) cells in developing novel immunotherapies for glioblastoma.
  • To explore strategies for overcoming immune evasion in the glioblastoma microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on glioblastoma-immune cell interactions.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying glioblastoma immune evasion.
  • Evaluation of Natural Killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy approaches.

Main Results:

  • Glioblastoma employs complex mechanisms to evade immune surveillance and suppress anti-tumor responses.
  • Natural Killer (NK) cells possess inherent cytotoxic activity and are less susceptible to tumor-induced immune suppression.
  • Current research is exploring strategies to enhance NK cell efficacy against glioblastoma.

Conclusions:

  • NK cell-based immunotherapy represents a promising avenue for treating glioblastoma, offering a potentially less toxic alternative.
  • Targeting glioblastoma's immune-suppressive microenvironment and enhancing NK cell activity are key challenges.
  • Further research into NK cell-mediated mechanisms could lead to improved glioblastoma treatment outcomes.