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Quantum Numbers02:43

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
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Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
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A Trace Carbon Monoxide Sensor Based on Differential Absorption Spectroscopy Using Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade

Chen Chen1, Qiang Ren2, Heng Piao3

  • 1College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Geophysical Exploration Equipment, Ministry of Education of China, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China. cchen@jlu.edu.cn.

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|December 21, 2018
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Summary

This study introduces a new sensor for detecting dangerous carbon monoxide (CO) gas in underground mines. The advanced sensor achieves a minimum detection limit of 61 ppbv, enhancing miner safety.

Keywords:
Trace carbon monoxide sensordifferential absorption spectroscopymid-infrared spectrumquantum cascade laserresidual analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Carbon monoxide (CO) is a hazardous gas that accumulates in underground environments, posing significant risks to miners.
  • Effective detection of trace CO levels is crucial for ensuring underground safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel sensor for detecting trace carbon monoxide (CO) gas in complex underground environments.
  • To achieve a low minimum detection limit (MDL) and assess the sensor's stability for practical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a quantum cascade laser (QCL) emitting at 4.65 μm as the light source.
  • Employed a compact multiple reflection cell with a 12 m optical path length.
  • Applied the long optical path differential absorption spectroscopy technique (LOP-DAST) for CO detection.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 108 ppbv using spectral analysis against a Voigt theoretical spectrum.
  • Determined a lower MDL of 61 ppbv via Allan deviation analysis with a 40 s integration time.
  • Demonstrated sensor stability of 2.1 × 10⁻³ over 2 hours and 1.7 × 10⁻² over 12 hours.

Conclusions:

  • The developed LOP-DAST sensor effectively detects trace CO gas with high sensitivity.
  • The sensor exhibits excellent stability, making it suitable for continuous monitoring in hazardous underground conditions.
  • This technology offers a promising solution for improving safety in mining environments through reliable CO gas detection.