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Alexander Mietke1,2,3,4, Frank Jülicher5,3, Ivo F Sbalzarini6,3,4

  • 1Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 21, 2018
PubMed
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Mechanochemical processes drive cell and tissue shape changes. This study models active fluid dynamics on deforming surfaces, revealing self-organized shape dynamics and flows crucial for morphogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Theoretical Biology

Background:

  • Mechanochemical processes in thin biological structures are vital for cell and tissue morphogenesis.
  • Active stresses drive material flows and deformations, creating feedback loops with molecular transport.
  • Previous studies explored patterning in fixed geometries, but interplay with shape dynamics was unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate self-organized shape dynamics in biological materials driven by mechanochemical processes.
  • To explore the interplay between active stresses, material flow, and deforming surface geometry.
  • To understand how shape changes integrate into mechanochemical feedback loops during morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theoretical framework using active fluid theory on deforming surfaces.
  • Created a numerical approach to solve force and torque balance equations.
  • Simulated self-organized mechanochemical processes on dynamic surfaces.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated spontaneous generation of complex surface shapes and oscillations.
  • Observed directed surface flows mimicking peristaltic waves.
  • Revealed self-organized shape dynamics driven by active mechanochemical feedback.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanochemical processes on deforming surfaces can spontaneously generate intricate shapes and flows.
  • Shape dynamics are an integral component of self-organized mechanochemical organization in morphogenesis.
  • The developed model offers insights into active fluid dynamics and self-organized biological systems.