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Viral-Induced Enhanced Disease Illness.
Maria K Smatti1, Asmaa A Al Thani1, Hadi M Yassine1
1Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Frontiers in Microbiology
|December 21, 2018
Summary
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) can worsen viral infections despite prior immunity. Understanding ADE mechanisms is vital for developing safer vaccines and effective treatments against viral diseases.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Host immune responses are critical for controlling viral infections.
- Preexisting antibodies from infection or vaccination can sometimes exacerbate viral illness.
- This phenomenon, known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), poses challenges for vaccine development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent findings on virally induced ADE.
- To highlight potential mechanisms underlying ADE.
- To discuss ADE as an obstacle in vaccine development.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on viral infections and immune responses.
- Analysis of proposed mechanisms for ADE.
- Discussion of clinical evidence and proposed viral targets.
Main Results:
- Certain infection- or vaccine-induced immunity can enhance viral infectivity.
- Fc receptor- or complement-bearing cells mediate ADE.
- Identifying ADE-associated epitopes and antibodies is crucial for vaccine design.
Conclusions:
- ADE is a significant concern in viral disease and vaccine development.
- Further research into ADE mechanisms is needed to improve vaccine efficacy and safety.
- Understanding ADE is key to preventing exacerbated illness from viral infections.
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