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Updated: Jan 31, 2026
Generation of Hook Ischemia-Reperfusion Model using a Three-Day Developing Chick Embryo
Published on: February 19, 2022
Using time-lapse technology to explore vacuolization in embryos on Day 3 and Day 4
Jingye Zhang1,2, Wanxia Zhong3,4, Hui Liu1,2
1Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
Purpose:
To investigate the occurrence and development state of embryo vacuoles between the 8-cell and morula stages, and to explore how vacuoles affected the development of embryos.
Methods:
A retrospective study of a cohort of 422 patients undergoing conventional in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. With the help of time-lapse imaging, the development processes and outcomes of good quality embryos with or without vacuoles were analyzed.
Results:
Vacuole positive embryos had significantly lower blastulation rate and good quality blastulation rate than vacuole negative embryos, p < 0.05. Compared to vacuole negative embryos, the number of best and good quality blastocysts was significantly reduced, while the number of fair and discarded ones was significantly increased, p < 0.05. The average starting time of vacuolization was 73.7 ± 9.3 h after insemination. The proportion of blastomeres affected by vacuoles was associated with embryonic developmental potential.
Conclusions:
Vacuolization on Day 3 and Day 4 was frequently observed and was detrimental to embryo development. The proportion of blastomeres affected by vacuoles may be an indicator of embryo developmental potential.
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