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Related Concept Videos

Stream Function01:20

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In two-dimensional incompressible fluid flow, the continuity equation is essential for ensuring mass conservation, meaning that any change in fluid entering or exiting a region is balanced by a corresponding change elsewhere. For incompressible flow, where density remains constant, this requirement simplifies to the condition that the divergence of the velocity field must be zero. Mathematically, this is expressed as,
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

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Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

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In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
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Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

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Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
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Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

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Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
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M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
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Biocontained Carcass Composting for Control of Infectious Disease Outbreak in Livestock
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Livestock manure driving stream nitrate.

Christopher S Jones1, Chad W Drake2, Claire E Hruby3

  • 1University of Iowa, 332 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. christopher-s-jones@uiowa.edu.

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|December 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Livestock concentration significantly increases stream nitrate levels in Iowa watersheds. Better manure nitrogen management is crucial for improving water quality and reducing fertilizer uncertainty.

Keywords:
Commercial fertilizerConcentrated livestockFlow weighted averageManureNitrate-nitrogen

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Science
  • Water Quality

Background:

  • Livestock industry growth has led to fewer farms with more animals.
  • The impact of this consolidation on landscape-scale stream water quality remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Quantify the effects of livestock concentration on stream nitrate levels.
  • Compare two western Iowa watersheds with high livestock density to seven others.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-frequency data on nitrate concentration and stream discharge.
  • Analyzed commercial nitrogen fertilizer use and manure-generated nitrogen inputs for each watershed.

Main Results:

  • Watersheds with the highest livestock concentration exhibited significantly higher stream nitrate levels.
  • Commercial fertilizer inputs showed little difference, likely due to manure nitrogen availability.

Conclusions:

  • Livestock concentration is a major driver of elevated stream nitrate.
  • Improved nitrogen (N) management, including soil and manure analysis, is essential for water quality improvement.