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Ionic Radii

Ionic Radii

Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...

Ionic Bonds

Ionic Bonds

Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.

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Ionic Current Rectification by Laminated Bipolar Silica Isoporous Membrane.

Fei Yan¹, Lina Yao¹, Qian Yang¹

¹Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , 310058 , China.

Analytical Chemistry

|December 21, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic current rectification (ICR) was observed in a novel bipolar silica isoporous membrane (bp-SIM). This membrane, formed by laminating oppositely charged silica layers, exhibits diode-like behavior, making it promising for sensor development.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Electrochemistry

Background:

Ionic current rectification (ICR) is a key phenomenon in asymmetric nanochannels, crucial for developing advanced chemical and biosensors.
Existing nanochannel systems often rely on complex geometries or charge distributions for ICR.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and report the ionic current rectification (ICR) phenomenon in ultrathin silica isoporous membranes (SIMs).
To develop a bipolar SIM (bp-SIM) by laminating oppositely charged SIM layers for enhanced ICR properties.
To explore the potential of bp-SIM as a platform for designing novel ICR-based sensors.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a negatively charged n-SIM (86 nm, 2-3 nm channels) and a positively charged p-SIM (59 nm, 4.5-5.5 nm channels).
Preparation of bp-SIM by laminating n-SIM and p-SIM layers.
Characterization of ICR using current-voltage (I-V) measurements.
Rationalization of ICR behavior using finite element simulations to analyze asymmetric charge distribution.

Main Results:

Neither individual n-SIM nor p-SIM layers exhibited ICR due to their symmetric properties.
The fabricated bp-SIM demonstrated apparent ICR, displaying a diode-like current-voltage response.
Finite element simulations confirmed that asymmetric charge distribution between the laminated layers is responsible for the observed ICR.

Conclusions:

The facile preparation of bp-SIM, combining oppositely charged, differently sized nanoporous silica layers, enables significant ionic current rectification.
The observed diode-like behavior in bp-SIM is attributed to asymmetric charge distribution, validated by simulations.
bp-SIM presents a promising and versatile platform for the development of next-generation ICR-based sensors due to its unique properties and ease of fabrication.