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Warmer and browner waters decrease fish biomass production.

Renee M van Dorst1, Anna Gårdmark2, Richard Svanbäck3

  • 1Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Öregrund, Sweden.

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Summary

Global climate change, causing warmer and browner waters, negatively impacts fish biomass production. This combined effect is more detrimental than warming or browning alone, threatening fisheries and food security.

Keywords:
Eurasian perchbiomass productionbrowningclimate changefishindividual body growthlakeslength distributionontogenywarming

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Fisheries Science

Background:

  • Climate change research often overlooks combined environmental shifts like warming and water browning.
  • Understanding the synergistic effects of warming and water browning on aquatic ecosystems is crucial for predicting future fish biomass production, fisheries sustainability, and food security.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how combined increases in water temperature and brown water color affect fish (Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis) biomass production at both individual and population levels.
  • To differentiate the mechanisms through which warming and water browning impact fish biomass production.
  • To explore ontogenetic variations in fish responses to warming and water browning.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of individual- and population-level fish data from 52 temperate and boreal lakes across Northern Europe.
  • Assessment of fish biomass production along gradients of water temperature and color (absorbance at 420 nm).
  • Examination of effects on fish population standing stock, size- and age-distributions, individual body growth, and length-at-age.

Main Results:

  • Fish biomass production significantly decreased with both higher water temperatures and increased brown water color, with the lowest production observed in warm, brown lakes.
  • Warming primarily reduced fish biomass through decreased population standing stock and shifts towards younger, smaller fish. Brown water color primarily impacted individual body growth and length-at-age.
  • The effects of temperature and water color varied with fish age: young perch showed positive growth responses to warming, while older fish were more negatively affected by brown water color.

Conclusions:

  • Combined warming and browning of aquatic ecosystems pose a significant threat to fish biomass production, potentially exceeding the impact of either factor individually.
  • Integrating individual- and population-level responses, along with accounting for within-species variation, is essential for accurately predicting future fish biomass production under climate change.
  • Future climate change scenarios predicting warmer and browner waters necessitate adaptive management strategies for fisheries to ensure long-term sustainability and food security.