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Epidemiology of injury patterns for 4- to 10-year-olds in side and oblique impacts

J L Yaek1, S W Rouhana2,3, J M Cavanaugh1

  • 1a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan.

Traffic Injury Prevention
|December 21, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Analysis of vehicle side impact collisions reveals fewer injuries in children aged 4-10 in newer cars. Safety improvements are evident for pediatric occupants in side and oblique impacts.

Area of Science:

  • Traffic Safety Research
  • Pediatric Injury Biomechanics
  • Automotive Safety Engineering

Background:

  • Vehicle side impact collisions pose significant risks to pediatric occupants.
  • Epidemiologic data is crucial for identifying injury patterns and evaluating safety technology effectiveness in children.
  • Understanding injury sources is key to developing targeted safety countermeasures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze injury patterns and sources in 4- to 10-year-old children during side and oblique vehicle impacts.
  • To assess the potential impact of updated side impact regulations and airbag safety countermeasures on pediatric injuries.
  • To identify specific injury-producing conditions in child occupants involved in side-impact collisions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Automotive Sampling System - General Estimates System (NASS-CDS) from 1991 to 2014.
  • Employed the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2005-Update 2008 for injury classification and severity assessment (Maximum AIS - MAIS).
  • Analyzed injury distributions by body region, MAIS, occupant seating position, and principal direction of force (PDOF), focusing on unweighted data for common injury patterns.

Main Results:

  • Observed a decrease in the frequency of MAIS 1-3 injuries among 4- to 10-year-old occupants in side impacts.
  • Noted reductions in injuries to the head, face, and extremities in newer model year passenger cars (1998 and later).
  • Found a decrease in injuries resulting from child occupant interaction with the vehicle interior and seatback support structures.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest positive effects of updated side impact regulations and safety countermeasures on pediatric occupant safety.
  • Results can inform the design of advanced pediatric anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs).
  • The study provides valuable insights for improving child restraint systems and vehicle safety countermeasure systems for children.
Abstract

Keywords:
AISNASS-CDSchild safetyepidemiologyinjury mechanism

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