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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Noncoding RNAs regulating cardiac muscle mass.

Glenn D Wadley1, Séverine Lamon1, Sarah E Alexander1

  • 1Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|December 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate heart growth and disease. microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key players in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, offering therapeutic potential for cardiovascular disease.

Keywords:
cardiac hypertrophyheartlncRNAsmicroRNAsnoncoding RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are crucial for tissue development and homeostasis.
  • Cardiac hypertrophy, a process of heart growth, can be physiological (beneficial) or pathological (detrimental), leading to impaired function and heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the roles of ncRNAs in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
  • To investigate the potential of ncRNAs as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ncRNAs in cardiac function.
  • Analysis of miRNA and lncRNA involvement in physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
  • Examination of ncRNA-mediated tissue crosstalk via exosomes.
  • Assessment of therapeutic strategies using ncRNAs for cardiovascular disease treatment.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs are involved in exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
  • lncRNAs and miRNAs are significantly implicated in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
  • ncRNAs can act as endogenous sponges, interacting with miRNAs to regulate cardiac muscle mass.
  • ncRNAs, particularly miRNAs, can be secreted via exosomes to promote angiogenesis and tissue repair.
  • Preclinical studies show therapeutic promise for ncRNAs in cardiovascular disease, with antisense oligonucleotides being a common approach.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs play multifaceted roles in cardiac growth, homeostasis, and disease.
  • ncRNAs offer significant therapeutic potential for treating cardiovascular conditions like heart failure.
  • Targeted delivery of ncRNAs using viral or nonviral vectors is crucial for clinical translation, addressing limitations of current antisense oligonucleotide therapies.