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Passive changes in muscle length.

R D Herbert1,2, B Bolsterlee1,2, S C Gandevia1,2

  • 1Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney , Australia.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|December 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skeletal muscles lengthen and shorten through fascicle elongation, pennation changes, and fascicle curvature. Tendons also contribute significantly to passive muscle length changes.

Keywords:
musclemuscle architecturemuscle mechanics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Skeletal Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Understanding passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscles is crucial for various physiological and clinical applications.
  • Skeletal muscles exhibit complex deformations beyond simple fascicle elongation to change length.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the known mechanisms of muscle deformation during passive lengthening and shortening.
  • To highlight the contributions of fascicle elongation, pennation changes, curvature, shear, and tendon strain.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscles.
  • Analysis of data from new imaging techniques to assess muscle architecture and strain patterns.

Main Results:

  • Muscle fascicle elongation is a primary mechanism for length change.
  • Pennation changes, fascicle curvature, fascicle shear, and tendon strain also contribute to passive muscle length adjustments.
  • New imaging suggests nonuniform fascicle and aponeurosis strains, requiring further confirmation.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple mechanisms contribute to passive skeletal muscle length changes.
  • Continuum muscle models incorporating architectural and material properties are needed for deeper insights.