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Equipping Public Spaces to Facilitate Rapid Point-of-Injury Hemorrhage Control After Mass Casualty
Craig Goolsby1, Kandra Strauss-Riggs1, Michael Rozenfeld1
1Craig Goolsby and Nicole Hurst are with the Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD. Kandra Strauss-Riggs is with the National Center for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Rockville, MD. Michael Rozenfeld and Kobi Peleg are with the National Center for Trauma and Emergency Medicine Research, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology & Health Policy Research, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. Nathan Charlton is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville. Eric Goralnick is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. Matthew J. Levy is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Tim Davis is with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC.
Abstract:
In response to increasing violent attacks, the Stop the Bleed campaign recommends that everyone have access to both personal and public bleeding-control kits. There are currently no guidelines about how many bleeding victims public sites should be equipped to treat during a mass casualty incident. We conducted a retrospective review of intentional mass casualty incidents, including shootings, stabbings, vehicle attacks, and bombings, to determine the typical number of people who might benefit from immediate hemorrhage control by a bystander before professional medical help arrives. On the basis of our analysis, we recommend that planners at public venues consider equipping their sites with supplies to treat a minimum of 20 bleeding victims during an intentional mass casualty incident.
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