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Oxytocin and ovarian function.

A R Fuchs1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.

Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Ovarian oxytocin, synthesized in luteal cells, plays a role in the luteolytic process by influencing prostaglandin F-2 alpha release, acting in paracrine or autocrine ways within the ovary.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Molecular Endocrinology
  • Ovarian Physiology

Background:

  • Oxytocin is synthesized in luteal cells across species, with vasopressin produced at lower rates.
  • The oxytocin-neurophysin gene is expressed in granulosa and luteal cells, initiated by ovulation and peaking in the early luteal phase.
  • Luteal oxytocin levels peak mid-cycle, declining later and during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the synthesis, regulation, and function of oxytocin within the ovary.
  • To explore the role of ovarian oxytocin in reproductive processes, particularly luteolysis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of oxytocin and vasopressin synthesis in luteal cells.
  • Examination of oxytocin-neurophysin gene expression in granulosa and theca cells.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurement of luteal oxytocin concentrations relative to mRNA levels.
  • Investigation of thecal tissue influence on oxytocin secretion.
  • Assessment of oxytocin's effect on progesterone and prostacyclin production.
  • Study of prostaglandin F-2 alpha's effect on ovarian oxytocin.

    • Main Results:

    • Oxytocin gene expression is initiated by ovulation, peaking in the early luteal phase and decreasing by mid-cycle.
    • Luteal oxytocin concentrations lag behind mRNA peaks, reaching maximal levels mid-cycle.
    • Thecal tissue components like catecholamines stimulate oxytocin secretion; oxytocin has minimal direct effect on progesterone but inhibits LH-stimulated prostacyclin production.
    • Prostaglandin F-2 alpha stimulates ovarian oxytocin release without affecting its synthesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Ovarian oxytocin is increasingly recognized for its role in luteolysis.
    • Oxytocin mediates prostaglandin F-2 alpha release, acting either systemically (sheep, goat) or locally within the ovary (cow, primates).