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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Construction of Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Enhanced Penetration of Biological Barriers
Published on: September 19, 2022
Guanidinylated chitosan inspired by arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides
Hironori Izawa1, Mizuki Kinai2, Shinsuke Ifuku1
1Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan; Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan.
Abstract:
We introduce a simple method for producing guanidinylation of chitosan (CS) with 1‑amidinopyrazole hydrochloride (AP). Production of GCS is proved via NMR, IR, and elemental analyses. In a reaction using 4.5 eq of AP for 7 days at room temperature, we obtained GCS with 42.3% of degree of guanidinylation (DG). The DG value can be controlled by the reaction time and AP amount. Furthermore, remarkable enhancement of the interaction between GCS and bovine serum albumin by guanidinylation was observed. This simple guanidinylation method for CS could provide novel additives for protein/peptide delivery systems.
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