Fine-scale spatial structure of air pollutant concentrations along bus routes

Air pollution measurements were made at 5 s intervals along a bus route in Hong Kong, chosen to avoid frequent intersections or traffic jams. This allowed periodic pollutant concentration patterns in bus-derived pollutants to be explored using Fourier analysis. The analysis showed the defining role of the bus stops in terms of NO_X and PM_2.5 concentrations, which have profiles with a sawtooth form. Early in inter-stop segments, concentrations are high, followed by a decline. This arises from high emissions during the acceleration away from the bus stop, then lower emissions during cruise and de-acceleration. This pattern can be enhanced on sections of the route where buses are frequent as pollutants accumulate from the larger number of buses. The high concentrations just beyond bus stops may have implications for planning bus routes and the positioning of bus stops.