Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

8.4K
In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.4K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

11.3K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
11.3K
What are Biogeochemical Cycles?00:54

What are Biogeochemical Cycles?

39.5K
The most common elements in organic molecules, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, are only available in the ecosystem in limited amounts. Therefore, these nutrients must be recycled through both biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem, in processes generally called biogeochemical cycles.
39.5K
The Water Cycle01:00

The Water Cycle

28.5K
The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.
28.5K
The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

43.9K
Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
43.9K
The Wave Nature of Light02:12

The Wave Nature of Light

61.3K
The nature of light has been a subject of inquiry since antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton performed experiments with lenses and prisms and was able to demonstrate that white light consists of the individual colors of the rainbow combined together. Newton explained his optics findings in terms of a "corpuscular" view of light, in which light was composed of streams of extremely tiny particles traveling at high speeds according to Newton's laws of motion.
61.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The AI risk repository: A meta-review, database, and taxonomy of risks from artificial intelligence.

Patterns (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Demonstration of Mode-Locked Frequency Comb for an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Prosocial decisions in naturalistic helping scenarios are predicted by cost-benefit tradeoffs and individual disposition.

Communications psychology·2025
Same author

Progress toward an efficient, uniformly scalable lithium niobate terahertz pulse source.

Optics letters·2025
Same author

The Significance of Political Grief: An Examination Through Major Global Events.

Omega·2025
Same author

Weak genetic divergence and signals of adaptation obscured by high gene flow in an economically important aquaculture species.

BMC genomics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves
06:48

Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves

Published on: May 10, 2020

4.0K

Attosecond single-cycle undulator light: a review.

Alan Mak1, Georgii Shamuilov, Peter Salén

  • 1FREIA Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
|December 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are developing new methods for generating attosecond x-ray pulses, offering unprecedented temporal resolution. These advanced techniques promise significantly higher pulse energy and control for exploring ultrafast phenomena.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA During DNA Repair for Therapeutic Insights
08:30

Author Spotlight: Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA During DNA Repair for Therapeutic Insights

Published on: December 22, 2023

3.4K
Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging
08:40

Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging

Published on: March 13, 2019

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves
06:48

Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves

Published on: May 10, 2020

4.0K
Author Spotlight: Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA During DNA Repair for Therapeutic Insights
08:30

Author Spotlight: Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA During DNA Repair for Therapeutic Insights

Published on: December 22, 2023

3.4K
Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging
08:40

Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging

Published on: March 13, 2019

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • X-ray Science
  • Laser Technology

Background:

  • Modern light sources like free-electron lasers advance scientific understanding across disciplines.
  • Attosecond temporal resolution is crucial for studying ultrafast phenomena in biology and materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss attosecond pulse generation beyond current capabilities.
  • To review novel methods for generating attosecond x-ray pulses.

Main Methods:

  • Exploiting coherent radiation from microbunched electrons in undulators.
  • Tailoring the wavefronts of emitted radiation.
  • Simulations of proposed Soft X-ray Laser at MAX IV.

Main Results:

  • Novel methods achieve pulse energies three orders of magnitude higher than existing technologies.
  • Feasible pulse durations of 50-100 attoseconds (as) and pulse energies up to 5 µJ.
  • Demonstrated control over pulse shape and incorporation of orbital angular momentum.

Conclusions:

  • The reviewed methods represent a significant advancement in attosecond x-ray pulse generation.
  • These techniques offer enhanced capabilities for ultrafast science and can be integrated with compact free-electron laser setups.