Chorionic villous sampling-related complications: a cohort study
Kasemsri Srisupundit1, Theera Tongsong1, Wirawit Piyamongkol1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Summary
Chorionic villous sampling (CVS) in low-risk pregnancies is associated with earlier delivery and increased preterm birth rates. However, CVS does not significantly increase risks for fetal loss, small for gestational age, or low birth weight.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Prenatal Diagnostics
- Perinatal Outcomes
Background:
- Prenatal diagnostic procedures are crucial for assessing fetal health.
- Chorionic villous sampling (CVS) is an invasive procedure used for genetic testing.
- Understanding the potential adverse outcomes associated with CVS is essential for informed patient counseling.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare adverse pregnancy outcomes between women undergoing chorionic villous sampling (CVS) and a matched control group without CVS.
- To evaluate the impact of CVS on key perinatal indicators such as gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and rates of preterm birth, fetal loss, small for gestational age (SGA), and low birth weight (LBW).
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study design was employed.
- Data were collected from low-risk pregnancies at Chiang Mai University Hospital between 2003 and 2017.
- Each of the 776 women undergoing CVS was matched with 10 controls (7760 total) based on maternal age and year of procedure.
Main Results:
- Women undergoing CVS delivered significantly earlier (38.02 vs. 38.96 weeks) and had significantly higher rates of preterm birth (9.4% vs. 7.3%).
- Birth weight was significantly lower in the CVS group (3025 vs. 3092 g).
- No significant differences were observed in fetal loss rates before 24 weeks, small for gestational age (SGA), or low birth weight (LBW) between the groups.
Conclusions:
- Chorionic villous sampling in low-risk pregnancies is linked to earlier delivery and a higher incidence of preterm birth.
- Despite these findings, CVS does not appear to significantly increase the risks of fetal loss, SGA, or LBW.
- These results aid in counseling patients regarding the perinatal risks associated with CVS.
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