Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Concentration of Virus Particles from Environmental Water and Wastewater Samples Using Skimmed Milk Flocculation and Ultrafiltration
Published on: March 17, 2023
Stimulation impact of electric currents on heterotrophic denitrifying microbial viability and denitrification
Shuang Tong1, Hengyuan Liu2, Chuanping Feng2
1Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, China Meat Research Center, Beijing 100068, China; School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
Abstract:
Electric current stimulation has been shown to have a positive influence on heterotrophic denitrifying microbial viability and has the potential to improve wastewater denitrification performance. This study investigated the effects of varying current densities on microbial activity and NO3- removal efficiency under heterotrophic conditions.NO3- removal rate was highest at an applied current density of 400 mA/m2. However, the optimum removal efficiency of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN; 99%) was achieved when the current density was fixed at 200 mA/m2. Accumulation of NH4+-N and NO2--N byproducts were also minimized at this current density. The activity of heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms was much higher at both 200 and 400 mA/m2. Moreover, the average adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) content (an indicator of cell metabolism) at a current density of 1600 mA/m2 was lower than that under no current, indicating heterotrophic denitrifying microbial activity can be inhibited at high current densities. Hence, direct electrical stimulation on the activity of heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms in the developed system should be lower than 1600 mA/m2. This study improves the understanding of electric current influence on heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms and promotes the intelligent application of direct electrical stimulation on wastewater treatment processes.
Related Concept Videos
Electrical Current
Contaminants and Errors
Another key consideration is determining the appropriate number of samples required to...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers
Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
Impact of Groups on Groups
Concentration Cells
Consider the following voltaic cell:

