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Cardiovascular adaptations to resistance training.

S J Fleck1

  • 1Department Sports Physiology, U.S. Olympic Complex, Colorado Springs 80909.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|October 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Resistance training increases heart muscle size but has minimal impact on heart dimensions or resting function. Trained athletes show a reduced blood pressure response during exercise.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Understanding the cardiovascular adaptations to resistance training is crucial for optimizing exercise protocols.
  • Previous research has yielded varied results regarding the specific effects on cardiac structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize available data on the cardiovascular effects of resistance training.
  • To clarify the impact of resistance training on left ventricular structure, cardiac function, and exercise pressor response.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies examining resistance training.
  • Evaluation of cardiac parameters including left ventricular mass, wall thickness, dimensions, and function.
  • Assessment of resting heart rate, blood pressure, and exercise-induced pressor response.

Main Results:

  • Resistance training significantly increases absolute left ventricular wall thickness and mass.
  • Relative increases (to body surface area or lean body mass) are less pronounced.
  • Little to no changes observed in resting heart rate, blood pressure, diastolic function, or left ventricular internal dimensions.
  • Systolic function shows no change or slight positive effects.
  • A blunted exercise pressor response is observed in resistance-trained individuals compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Resistance training induces specific cardiovascular adaptations, primarily affecting left ventricular mass and wall thickness.
  • Key resting cardiovascular parameters and diastolic function remain largely unchanged.
  • Further research is necessary to fully understand the nature of these cardiovascular adaptations.

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